Scottish Dairy Sector Faces Decline Amid Challenges and Optimism for the Future
Long-Term Decline in Herd Numbers
Over the past decade, Scotland has witnessed a 23.7% decline in the number of dairy herds, reflecting broader industry trends. However, the average herd size has risen by nine, now standing at 236 cows. Ayrshire and Dumfriesshire saw the most significant reductions in herd numbers last year, losing 15 and five herds, respectively, though some new herds are emerging in these regions.
Regional Performance
Regions such as Aberdeenshire, Morayshire, and Perthshire reported reductions in dairy cow numbers. Notably, Perthshire experienced a significant drop, with cow numbers falling to just 388 from 450 in 2024. Stirlingshire bucked the national trend, increasing its dairy cow population by 49, reaching a total of 6,588.
Encouragingly, 73% of Scotland’s dairy cows are now subject to official milk recording, reflecting growing adoption of advanced monitoring practices for health parameters such as somatic cell count, pregnancy diagnosis, and disease prevention.
Challenges for Farmers
SDCA Secretary Janette Mathie acknowledged the pressures on dairy farmers, citing retirements and diversification efforts as key drivers of change. “Farmers are making tough decisions, but the dedication to producing high-quality milk remains strong,” Mathie said. She also highlighted that several farms sold last year have been purchased by new operators, with new dairy enterprises expected to commence operations in 2025.
Government Support for Sustainability
Agriculture Minister Jim Fairlie reiterated the Scottish Government’s commitment to supporting the dairy sector. Initiatives such as the Scottish Dairy Growth Board and the Scottish Dairy Hub remain central to efforts to promote sustainability and economic viability in farming.
Minister Fairlie emphasized that the government is focused on improving resilience and fostering innovation within the industry. “Our dairy farmers are vital to Scotland’s economy and rural communities. We are committed to providing the tools and support they need to thrive,” he stated.
Looking Ahead
While the challenges facing Scotland's dairy industry are significant, the establishment of new herds and government-backed initiatives offer a measure of optimism. As farmers adapt to evolving market conditions and explore diversification, the sector remains poised for transformation in the years to come.
