Dutch Government Imposes Livestock Limits to Curb Nitrogen Emissions
The Dutch government has announced a comprehensive nitrogen-reduction package aimed at decreasing emissions and restoring natural habitats. A central component of this initiative is the establishment of a land-based dairy standard of 2.6 livestock units per hectare, known locally as 2.6 GVE/ha. This measure is part of a broader strategy to manage nitrogen emissions, facilitate nature restoration, and restart permits for agricultural and construction activities.
The package is supported by a substantial funding commitment of €20 billion. Specifically for dairy farms, the government has proposed an emissions cap of 0.164 kg of ammonia per phosphate right by 2035. In the Dutch system, a phosphate right allows a farmer to produce one kilogram of phosphate from cattle manure per year. A dairy cow can produce between 32 to 49 kg of phosphate annually, contingent on its milk yield.
Additional standards for poultry, pig, and veal farms are anticipated by early 2027. Farmers will receive €2 billion in support for various measures, including alterations to feed, housing, the use of manure, extensification, and voluntary closures of farms. There is also an option for dairy farmers to meet land requirements through partnerships with arable farmers within a 25 km radius.
Moreover, the plan includes a zoning approach around vulnerable nitrogen-sensitive areas, affecting approximately 100 sites. These zones will extend either 500 or 1,000 metres based on specific site conditions. The government has allocated €2.2 billion towards nature restoration projects, with €100 million earmarked for initiatives commencing in 2026.
In addition to agricultural reforms, the package includes €250 million for nitrogen-reduction measures across industry and transport sectors, setting a 50% reduction target by 2035. The government also aims to increase demand for organic and sustainable food, with agreements expected by April 2027. Should no agreements be reached, legal measures could be implemented by January 2029.
