EFSA Reports Low Risk of US Dairy HPAI Reaching Europe

The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has issued a new report indicating that the risk of the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) strain, found in US dairy cows, reaching Europe is very low. Despite this, EFSA experts warned that should the virus manage to arrive, the potential repercussions for EU countries could be considerable.

Preventative Measures

EFSA outlined several preventative measures to avert the introduction and spread of this H5N1 genotype virus in Europe. Recommendations include trade restrictions from affected regions and thorough cleaning of milking equipment. In case of an outbreak, coordinated efforts in both poultry and dairy cattle sectors are advised to mitigate the impact.

Surveillance and Biosecurity

EFSA suggests raising awareness among farmers and veterinarians, along with enhancing surveillance for early detection. To prevent transmission, experts recommend restricting cattle movement in affected areas and avoiding the interchange of workers, vehicles, and equipment between farms. Strict biosecurity measures are essential to contain both this and other existing HPAI strains in Europe.

Food Safety Considerations

The assessment also covered the potential transmission of the virus through food. The primary risk for consumers would be through raw milk, raw colostrum, or raw milk cream. However, EFSA underscores that thermal treatments like pasteurization are highly effective in reducing viral presence in dairy products. Notably, there have been no reported cases of foodborne human infection with this specific genotype.

This opinion follows a scientific report from July 2025, which analyzed the situation in the US and potential spread routes of the virus.