Managing Negative Energy Balance in Freshly Calved Cows: A Dairy Dilemma

As the calving season approaches, dairy farmers are increasingly concerned with the issue of negative energy balance (NEB) in freshly calved cows. This period is critical as cows transition from gestation to lactation, facing stress and decreased dry matter intake.

Transition and Challenges

NEB occurs when cows do not consume sufficient energy needed for maintenance, gestation and milk production. Insufficient energy can lead to low milk protein, poor fertility, and heightened risk of metabolic disorders such as ketosis and fatty liver.

Clinical Signs and Prevention

Early signs of ketosis, including decreased feed intake and milk production, require prompt attention. Treatment involves administering propylene glycol to restore blood glucose levels. Preventative measures include ensuring cows enter calving with an optimal body condition score (BCS) of over 3.

Importance of Diet

Farmers should monitor potassium levels in silage, as excess can disrupt magnesium absorption and increase the risk of milk fever. Avoiding silage with potassium levels above 2.4% is advisable, particularly before calving.

Guidance from Teagasc

Indicators of NEB in a herd include a significant percentage of cows with low milk protein or high milk fat-protein ratios during early lactation. Immediate consultation is recommended if over 2% of the herd shows cases of ketosis.