US herd sizes have shrunk, but milk yields per cow have risen

Cow Numbers Lower

August 2024 U.S. cow numbers were estimated at 9.325 million head, down by 40,000 from August 2023. However, the national herd size remained unchanged from July, continuing its pattern of fluctuation and aligning closely with January’s numbers.

In the 24 major dairy-producing states, cow numbers mirrored this trend, totaling 8.878 million head, unchanged from July 2023. A year-over-year comparison revealed mixed results across states, with Texas and South Dakota leading in herd growth, adding a combined 36,000 head. This increase was largely offset by New Mexico’s 31,000-head reduction.

Milk Output per Cow Increases

Despite the overall decline in herd numbers, milk output per cow saw an increase. The national average monthly production per cow for August 2024 was 8 pounds higher than in August 2023. In the 24 major states, the average year-to-year increase per cow was also 8 pounds.

Regional variations played a significant role in the differences in milk output per cow, influenced by factors like weather conditions, feed costs, and income margins. Notably, states like Georgia, Texas, California, and Kansas reported substantial increases in per-cow production, ranging from 25 to 95 pounds more per month compared to last year. In contrast, Wisconsin, Vermont, Pennsylvania, and New York saw declines in per-cow output, down by 25 to 45 pounds monthly.