Effective Control Strategies for Reducing Aflatoxin M1 in Milk: An Italian Study

A comprehensive study analyzed data on aflatoxin M1 contamination in 67,944 milk samples collected through self-monitoring plans of six dairy industries during the periods 2004-2008 and 2013-2019. The results indicate a consistent decrease in the percentage of positive samples fr om 2004 to 2019, adhering to both EU and national limits. Additionally, no seasonal variations in aflatoxin M1 levels were observed after 2013.

The data highlight that the implementation of rigorous self-monitoring strategies and mitigation measures can significantly reduce aflatoxin M1 concentration in milk. This approach includes early and rapid detection of contamination, allowing timely interventions to lim it the spread of the toxin.

An updated study on estimated daily intake, risk index, and the fraction of hepatocarcinoma cases due to aflatoxin M1 exposure in different population groups confirmed that infants and young children are more exposed compared to older consumers. However, the introduction of a 30 ng/kg cautionary limit has further reduced the risk for younger consumers.

Overall, the results demonstrate the effectiveness of management strategies implemented in Italy following the aflatoxin crises of 2003 and 2013. These measures have contributed to enhancing the safety of milk and dairy products, significantly reducing the risk of contamination and protecting consumer health.