Irish Dairy Herd Increases While British Numbers Decline to Record Low

The Central Statistics Office (CSO) in Ireland reported that the Irish dairy herd increased to 1,490,400 cows by December 2025, marking a 0.6% rise from the previous year. This growth comes after a slight decline from the peak of 1,510,900 recorded in December 2023.

Conversely, the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board (AHDB) in Britain recorded a decrease in dairy cow numbers, with a total of 1,590,000 cows as of April 2026. This represents a 2% drop from April 2025, when the dairy herd numbered 1,620,000.

In terms of dairy farmers, Britain had an estimated 7,010 dairy farmers in October 2025, while Ireland had around 15,200 dairy farmers in 2023, although this number is believed to have declined since then. This indicates that Ireland has more than double the number of dairy producers compared to Britain, despite having 129,000 fewer cows.

The trend of increasing herd sizes in Ireland is notable. Thirty years ago, herds of 300-400 cows were uncommon, but they are now relatively standard, with some farms even doubling that number. This shift is occurring alongside an ageing labour force and narrowing profit margins, which may favour larger farming operations over smaller ones.

Generational renewal remains a challenge for Irish dairy farmers, with over 60% being over the age of 55 and many lacking a designated successor. Discussions about succession are often delayed, which can lead to complications later on. It's essential for farmers to plan ahead, create wills, and set expectations to ensure a smooth transition to the next generation.

The need for early succession planning is emphasized to avoid conflicts, especially when there are multiple potential successors. Engaging mediators or solicitors can facilitate this process, ensuring that all parties involved have a clear understanding of future roles and responsibilities.